Andarine S-4

S-4, better known as Andarine and also referred to as Androxolutamide or GTx-007, is a Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM). In a remarkable study conducted by Gao et al., S-4 was characterized as an androgen receptor agonist in orchidectomized rats. The mechanism of action appeared to target the skeletal muscle, bone and pituitary gland.

Effects of S-4 on muscle mass

Male rats were treated with either 3 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg S-4 for 8 weeks after castration. The study showed that both doses were effective in restoring muscle mass and strength, both in the soleus muscle and the levator ani muscle, to levels comparable to those of intact male rats. Read more here.

Treatment with S-4 had a minimal effect on prostate and seminal vesicle weights, approximately 16-17%. However, strong androgenic effects on the prostate and seminal vesicles were observed.

In addition, both doses showed strong agonist activity in the pituitary gland, resulting in reduced plasma levels of both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the castrated male rats. Read more here.

Effects of S-4 on bone mineral density

According to the study by Gao et al., 8-week treatment with S-4 resulted in a significant increase in bone mineral density in castrated male rats.

In another study conducted by Kearbey et al., female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated to investigate the effects of S-4 on accelerated bone loss by ovariectomy. This study concluded that S-4 treatment not only maintained cortical content and overall bone mineral density, but also increased bone strength while reducing total body fat. Read more here.

Kearbey et al. also concluded that treatment with S-4 has positive effects on both skeletal muscle and bone. It has been suggested that S-4 treatment may reduce the risk of fractures by both increasing bone mineral density and strengthening bones and skeletal muscles, which in turn reduces the risk of falls. Read more here.

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Andarine (S-4)